Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a common disease in which blood-sugar levels are chronically too high.  The disease has many related complications, and several eye diseases among them.  The most common eye complication of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of adult blindness.

Diabetic retinopathy occurs when high blood-sugar levels affect the functionality of blood vessels in the retina (light-sensing cells in the eye).  In early phases of the disease, capillaries will leak blood or fluid.  This can cause swelling in the retina (which may result in blurring of central vision), and it can leak into the vitreous humor (the fluid surrounding the retina) causing floaters or obscuring vision.

During the beginning stage serious vision damage is less likely, however, it can lead to a more advanced stage of the disease, called proliferative diabetic retinopathy.  In this form, blood vessels in the retina actually close off.  New blood vessels grow to make up for the lack of blood flow to the retina.  The new blood vessels unfortunately are accompanied by scarring and more leakage.  This can lead to serious vision loss and blindness.

Early symptoms of diabetic retinopathy may include:

  • Decreased night vision.
  • Floaters or obscuring vision.
  • Blurry vision.

The condition can typically be diagnosed by an ophthalmologist during an eye exam, long before noticeable vision symptoms occur and when more treatment options are still available.  Thus it is very important for those suffering from diabetes to have regular eye exams, to monitor for diabetic retinopathy and other complications.

Treatment:

Treatments for diabetic retinopathy vary based upon the nature and progression of the condition.  The best way to preserve good vision is to vigilantly control blood-sugar levels, lessening the chance of retinopathy, and impeding its rate of advancement.

Once the disease is in advanced stages, the ophthalmologist may choose laser a laser procedure.  This technique burns many tiny dots across the retina, with the aim of sealing off leaky blood vessels and discouraging further blood vessel growth.  This laser does not cure diabetic retinopathy, but it can help to save remaining vision.

If the vitreous humor has become clouded by blood leakage, there is a chance it may be naturally purged by the eye.  If clouding persists, however, a vitrectomy, a surgical removal of the vitreous humor, may be necessary.  The ophthalmologist replaces it with a saline solution, and the eye naturally replenishes the vitreous fluid over time.  This procedure can restore vision that has been obscured in the vitreous, however, any vision loss due to retinal damage or detachment is not restored.

If you have diabetes or are experiencing any symptoms of diabetic retinopathy, we encourage you to contact us today to schedule a consultation.


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Mark Cabin, MD, SC
Cataract and Comprehensive Eye Care
Helping Achieve Your Best Vision

Hoffman Estates, IL Ophthalmologist, Dr. Mark Cabin specializes in medical and surgical care for the eye. Dr. Cabin treats eye related conditions and offers services that include: Laser Cataract Surgery, Toric Lens Implants for Astigmatism, Multifocal Lens Implants, Glaucoma, Diabetic Eye Disease, Dry Eye and Macular Degeneration. Contact our Hoffman Estates Ophthalmology office today to schedule an appointment for vision correction.


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